Biology Standard Grade Revision

Vocabulary, Structure and Function

A great deal of standard grade biology is based around structure and function.  These notes will help you revise the structure and function of most of the course. 

The list below is the vocabulary.  Read the list and try to define the word.  If you can’t, or are unsure follow the link to its meaning. 

Wherever there is a diagram on the topic pages you will see a  which you can follow directly to the diagram to revise structure. 

home
Bio- sphere
World of plants
Body in Action
Animal Survival
Investigating Cells
Bio- technology
Inheritance
Vocabulary
Problem Solving
TOPIC 1 – The Biosphere

Biosphere
Ecosystem
Habitat
Quadrat
Biotic factor
Abiotic Factor
Branching Key
Paired Statement Key
pH

Organism
Population
Community
Producer
Consumer

Biomass
Growth curve
Predator
Toxic waste
Competition
Nutrient cycle
Pollution

Alternative energy
Organic waste
Scrubbing
Micro-organism
Species
Indicator species
Malnutrition

TOPIC 2 Worlds of Plants

Flowering plants
Non-flowering plants
Dicotyledon
Monocotyledon
Conifer

Seed coat
Embryo
Food store
Germination
Pollen
Ovule
Ovum, ova
Sepal
Petal
Stamen
Anther
Stigma
Ovary
Nectary
 Insect Pollination
 Wind pollination
Gamete
Dispersal

Propagate
Clone
 Sexual reproduction
Asexual reproduction
Runner
Tuber

Phloem
Xylem
Stoma stomata
Leaf epidermis
Leaf mesophyll
Leaf vein

Starch
Photosynthesis
Chlorophyll
Limiting factor


 

TOPIC 3 Animal Survival

Carbohydrate
Protein
Fat
Element
Digestion
Soluble
Insoluble

Dentition
Incisor
Canine
Molar
Carnassial
Herbivore
Carnivore
Omnivore

Alimentary canal
Oesophagus
Stomach
Pancreas
Liver
Gall Bladder
Small intestine
Large intestine
Appendix
Rectum
Anus
Peristalsis
Amylase
Protease
Pepsin
Trypsin
Lipase
Substrate
Product
Villus villi
Lymphatic system
Lacteal

Reproduction
Sperm
Egg
Sexual reproduction
Internal fertilisation
External fertilisation
Testis testes
Ovary
Oviduct
Uterus
Amniotic sac
Placenta
Umbilical cord

Kidney
ADH
Renal artery
Renal vein
Ureter
Bladder
Filtration
Reabsorption
Bowman’s capsule
Glomerulus
Convoluted tubules
Collecting duct
Urea

Stimulus
Response
Behaviour
Rhythmical behaviour
Trigger stimulus

TOPIC 4 – Investigating Cells

Elodea
Tissue
Stain
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Cellulose cell wall
Vacuole
Chloroplast

Diffusion
Concentration gradient
Visking (dialysis) tubing
Selectively permeable membrane

Osmosis
Water concentration

 Mitosis
Cytoplasmic division
Chromosome
Spindle
Centromere
Chromosome complement
Multicellular

Catalyst
Enzyme
Specific
Substrate
Amylase
Potato phosphorylase
Pepsin
Catalase
Optimum
pH
Synthesis reaction
Degradation reaction
Carbohydrate
Protein
Fats and oils

Aerobic respiration
Metabolism

TOPIC 5 – Body in Action

Skeleton
Ball and socket joint
Hinge joint
Plane of movement
Cartilage
Synovial fluid
Synovial membrane
Ligament
Tendon
Inelastic
Calcium phosphate
Collagen

Opposing muscles

Lung
Cartilage band
Trachea
Bronchus
Bronchiole
Diaphragm
Cilia
Mucus

Alveolus
Gas exchange surface
Inspiration
Expiration

Heart
Atrium
Ventricle
Pulmonary artery vein
Aorta
Vena cava
Valve
Coronary artery
Artery
Capillary
Vein
Pulse
Red blood cell
Haemoglobin

Coordination
Binocular vision
Cornea
Iris
Lens
Retina
Binaural hearing
Optic nerve

Eardrum
Middle ear bones
Cochlea
Auditory nerve
Semicircular canals

Central nervous system (CNS)
Brain
Spinal cord
Sensory nerve
Motor nerve
Reflex
Reflex arc
Stimulus
Response
Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Medulla (oblongata)

Muscle fatigue
Anaerobic respiration
Lactic acid
Recovery time

TOPIC 6 – Inheritance 

Continuous variation
Discontinuous variation

Monohybrid cross
Phenotype
Genotype
True breeding
Gene
Allele
Dominant
Recessive
Gamete
P F1 F2 generations

Fertilisation
X and Y chromosomes

Selective breeding
Mutation
Down‘s Syndrome
Amniocentesis

TOPIC 7 – Biotechnology

Microorganism
Biotechnology
Fermentation
Yeast
Ethanol
Aerobic respiration
Anaerobic respiration

Batch processing
Malting barley
Yoghurt bacteria
Lactose
Lactic acid

Sewage treatment
Gasohol

Asexual reproduction
Genetic engineering
Plasmid
Insulin
Factor VIII
Biological detergent

Antibiotic
Antibiotic disc
Antibiotic resistance

Immobilisation

© I am indebted to PC Advisor’s cover disk of July 2000 (Issue 58) for some of the royalty free clip art provided. Also to Computer Shopper Magazine issue 157 of March 2001. The remaining diagrams are my own work.